Among the simplest organisms, there are many parasites on animals and humans. Listed below are the parasitic protozoa that cause the most serious and common diseases.
Amoeba dysentery
The dysenteric amoeba is similar to the common one, but it is smaller and has shorter and wider rhizomes. It enters the human digestive system through the mouth through the cyst phase. In the large intestine, the amoeba leaves the cyst and feeds on bacteria without harming humans. In the future, this simplest organism begins to attack the intestinal wall, feed on red blood cells and become a parasite. Ulcers form in the intestines, depleting the human body. There is a disease of amoebic dysentery or amoebiasis.
Amoeba dysentery can enter the bloodstream and reach the liver. And here the parasite leads to the formation of purulent ulcers.
By forming cysts, amoebae leave the human body with undigested food debris. Mild cysts spread easily. If you do not wash your hands and food, you can become infected with them.
Plasmodium malaria
Plasmodia are parasitic protozoa. Some types of plasmodia cause malaria in humans. The carrier of Plasmodium falciparum is the malaria mosquito. During insect bites, plasmodium enters the host's bloodstream. Together with the blood it reaches the liver, where it feeds, grows and multiplies. After that, many plasmodia re-enter the bloodstream and begin to parasitize on the erythrocytes, destroying them and releasing their waste products that poison the host. The person develops a fever, suffers from anemia.
If a patient with malaria is bitten again by an anopheles mosquito, now the plasmodia from the person will reach the mosquito. In the body of a mosquito, plasmodium reproduces sexually.
Malaria is common in Africa. This is a very dangerous disease. Fight against malaria, including the destruction of malaria mosquitoes.
Trypanosomes
The genus trypanosomes are parasitic protozoa with whips (related to euglena). Their main hosts are vertebrates, and insects are usually carriers. Different representatives of trypanosomes cause different diseases of animals and humans. They parasitize mainly in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid. The best known and most common disease caused by trypanosomal species is sleeping sickness.
The carrier of the sleeping sickness is the fly. This disease is typical of tropical Africa. Sleep disease develops in two stages: the first week a person suffers from fever and pain, after a month or more drowsiness occurs, sleep and coordination disorders and changes in consciousness. The disease is easier to treat in the first stage.
Garden
Giardia is a genus of parasitic whipworms. Intestinal lamblia cause giardiasis in humans and animals, in which the parasite lives in the small intestine.
A person becomes infected with giardiasis by eating unwashed food that contains Giardia cysts. Coming out of the cyst, the lamblia sticks to the intestines and feeds on digested food.
Leishmania
Leishmania is another genus of parasitic protozoa. They cause leishmaniasis in humans and many other animals. Vectors are mosquitoes.
There are different types of leishmaniasis associated with damage to various body tissues. One of them is the skin disease Pendinsky ulcer.
Coccidia
Coccidia parasitize many animals, including worms, arthropods, and fish. They cause coccidiosis diseases, which cause serious damage in livestock and fish farming.
Coccidia are deposited in the form of spores containing parasite cells.
The genus Toxoplasma belongs to the coccidia. Their representatives cause such a widespread disease in humans as toxoplasmosis. A person becomes infected with pets or poorly cooked meat. Toxoplasma affects many organs, including the nervous system.